I'm a senior quantitative researcher at Millennium Management, working on global systematic equity strategies. My career in finance over the past decade has covered both investment management and hedge fund environments: production ML and AI research at JPMorgan, as a founding member of a systematic US-equities pod at Schonfeld Strategic Advisors, and now at Millennium.

Across those roles the core work has been consistent: extract robust, testable signals from high-dimensional data, then build the systems to deploy them. At JPMorgan I led ML research and engineering across trading, research, and strategy. At Schonfeld I helped start a systematic market-neutral US-equities pod, developing alpha signals across a range of alternative data types and building the research infrastructure around them. Today the focus is global market-neutral equity research.

I teach graduate courses at Columbia University and New York University on quantitative finance and systematic investing, and I’m turning my years of lecture notes into a book on research methodology in quantitative equity investing.

Before finance, I spent about a decade in academic research at New York University's Courant Institute, Yale University, and Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, working on applied mathematics, geophysical fluid dynamics, and high-performance numerical simulations. The data and compute methods transferred.

Millennium Management, Senior Quantitative Researcher

Senior researcher on a systematic global-equities platform, conducting quantitative research across broad equity universes.

Columbia University and New York University, Adjunct Professor

Graduate-level teaching in quantitative finance, data science, and systematic investing at Columbia IEOR and New York University Tandon. Details in the Teaching section.

Schonfeld Strategic Advisors, Senior Quantitative Researcher

Founding member of a mid-frequency systematic US-equities pod. Developed production alpha signals and proprietary datasets across a range of alternative data types.

JPMorgan Chase, Research Lead and Vice President

Led teams of researchers and engineers delivering production-grade AI/ML systems across trading, research, and strategy. The work involved large-scale consumer-transaction data, forecasting and anomaly-detection systems, satellite-derived indicators, and other proprietary datasets.

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Researcher

Research at Lamont's Ocean and Climate Physics division with Richard Seager and Isla Simpson, on large-scale climate dynamics and monsoon variability.

Yale University, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Researcher

Research with William Boos on monsoon dynamics, moist baroclinic instability, and atmospheric waves.

Columbia University, IEOR, Data-Driven Methods in Finance

A graduate course I developed on the full research lifecycle behind systematic equity investing: defining prediction problems, constructing usable data, evaluating backtests, accounting for transaction costs, and translating research into investment decisions. Students work with institutional WRDS data to reproduce, update, and challenge published strategies. An organizing theme runs through everything: a large fraction of published trading strategies either no longer work or never did, due to capacity constraints, poor data, improper sampling, or data-handling errors. Understanding why is at least as important as being able to spot it.

Student final papers are published on arXiv. Papers from the Fall 2024 iteration:

The course runs annually. Presentation slides from past iterations are available on request.

New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Operations Research

Graduate operations research covering linear and integer programming, network flows, dynamic programming, and stochastic processes, with an emphasis on modeling choices and quantitative problem solving.

New York University, Courant Institute, Undergraduate Mathematics

During the PhD I taught undergraduate mathematics including Calculus, Analysis I and II, Methods of Applied Mathematics, and Ordinary Differential Equations. That experience shaped the precise quantitative communication I still try to bring to both research and teaching.

Research Methods for Systematic Equity Investing

The methodological standard for systematic equity research is predictive power. That is insufficient. A signal can show strong historical information coefficient, survive an honest backtest, and still tell you almost nothing about the structural mechanism producing the excess return, or whether it will survive the transaction costs, risk contamination, and governance failures that end most live signals. These lecture notes provide the framework for asking harder questions.

The book is structured around fourteen questions, each naming a genuine decision point every systematic signal must pass through: What are you predicting? Can you trust the data? How much evidence genuinely survives model selection? Where does the signal’s edge actually live? What will it cost to trade? When should it be retired? These are operational questions with specific, checkable answers.

This book is a distillation of lecture notes I developed over more than a decade of teaching quantitative finance at Columbia University and New York University. That teaching was always conducted with the explicit knowledge and authorization of my concurrent employers. The material draws entirely on published academic and finance research. No proprietary strategies, signals, or firm-specific methods appear anywhere in it.

Chapters
00IntroductionAvailable
01What Are You Predicting?In progress
02How Will You Test It?In progress
03Can You Trust the Data?In progress
04What Does the Feature Actually Measure?In progress
05Backtests That Survive Model SelectionIn progress
06Where Does the Alpha Live?In progress
07How Does Information Move Around an Event?In progress
08Does the Data Measure What You Think It Measures?In progress
09When Does the Signal Work?In progress
10Is the Signal Worth Trading?In progress
11What Does the Signal Cost to Trade?In progress
12What Risk Is Hiding in the Signal?In progress
13How Should Signals Be Combined?In progress
14When Should a Signal Be Changed or Retired?In progress

Read the Introduction →

Selected publications and current writing. A broader publication record is available on Google Scholar.

Research Methods for Systematic Equity Investing

A practitioner-focused treatment of the full research lifecycle in systematic equity investing, from defining a prediction problem and constructing usable data, through factor modeling, backtesting, transaction cost analysis, and portfolio construction, to signal governance and research hygiene. The book draws on years of teaching. Its central argument, that predictive performance is necessary but insufficient for evaluating systematic strategies, runs through everything and motivates the methodological standards it develops in its place.

Rethinking Beta: A Causal Take on CAPM

The starting point was something that bothered me about how practitioners talk about beta. The OLS regression of excess returns on the market factor is treated as if it identifies a structural parameter: the causal sensitivity of an asset to market movements. It doesn't.

The conventional estimator conflates causal exposure with correlation induced by omitted risk sources. Under textbook asset pricing assumptions the two coincide in expectation, so the distinction is easy to wave away. This paper works out when identification actually holds, when it doesn't, and what IV and graphical causal models can do about it.

Visual Time Series Forecasting: An Image-driven Approach

Time-series forecasting reframed as an image-to-image regression problem: encode a series as a 2D image, train a model on such images, and predict the next one. Distributional forecasting falls out naturally. The method works well for cyclic patterns and is the precursor to the inpainting patent.

Trading via Image Classification

The idea: technical analysts read charts visually, so train a CNN to do the same thing. We encoded financial time series as candlestick images and found that standard convolutional networks recover complex, multi-scale trading patterns from the visual representation.

The Influence of Orographic Rossby and Gravity Waves on Rainfall

How orographically forced Rossby waves and gravity wave drag affect rainfall far from the mountains that generate them, including shifts in the tropical ITCZ and monsoon rainfall over Asia. Both wave types drive vertical motion through the omega equation, and the dynamical response is nonlocal in ways the literature had underappreciated.

Perspectives on Moist Baroclinic Instability: Implications for the Growth of Monsoon Depressions

Tests whether moist baroclinic instability explains monsoon-depression growth. Developing storms lack the required upshear tilt of potential-vorticity anomalies, suggesting greater similarity to tropical-depression spinup and leaving the intensification mechanism unresolved.

Modulation of Subtropical Stratospheric Gravity Waves by Equatorial Rainfall

The MJO modulates stratospheric gravity waves generated by flow over the Tibetan Plateau. A remote connection: tropical convection phasing the vertical distribution of gravity wave momentum flux far into the extratropical stratosphere.

Has the Number of Indian Summer Monsoon Depressions Decreased over the Last 30 Years?

The observed decline in Indian monsoon depression frequency over recent decades turns out to be partly an artifact. Changing observational practices account for much of the apparent trend. I've thought about this finding often since, in contexts well beyond atmospheric science.

What Drives the Brewer-Dobson Circulation?

The second paper from the dissertation. Three mechanisms by which resolved and parameterized waves interact to drive the Brewer-Dobson circulation, and why the conventional additive decomposition of their contributions can be misleading even in an idealized model.

Compensation between Resolved and Unresolved Wave Driving in the Stratosphere

The central result of the PhD: perturb the parameterized gravity wave drag in a climate model, and the resolved Rossby wave response partially cancels it. Not by coincidence; by necessity. A stability constraint makes the Brewer-Dobson circulation more robust to gravity wave parameterization assumptions than the literature had suggested. Conventional sensitivity experiments may therefore mischaracterize the role of gravity wave schemes in stratospheric climate models.

Effects of Aerosols on Lightning and Intensity of Landfalling Hurricanes

A book chapter extending the master's thesis work to landfalling hurricanes, examining how aerosol loading affects both lightning activity and overall storm intensity as a cyclone makes landfall.

Possible Aerosol Effects on Lightning Activity and Structure of Hurricanes

My first paper, from the Hebrew University master's. Aerosol effects on hurricane electrification and lightning, simulated with an explicit spectral bin microphysics model. High aerosol concentrations substantially alter where and how much lightning forms within a tropical cyclone.

Seven patents from the JPMorgan years. Full list on Google Patents.

Method and System for Forecasting Time Series by Image Inpainting

A time series becomes a partial image with a blank region representing the future; an inpainting model fills in the pixels, yielding a distributional forecast. The natural extension of the image-to-image forecasting framework.

Systems and Methods for Privacy-Preserving Summarization of Digital Activity

Summarizes application usage across a device using blurred or pixelated screen captures that log which applications are open without exposing document content.

Method for Automatically Identifying Signals or Patterns in Time Series Data by Treating Series as Image

The granted patent underlying the Trading via Image Classification research: converts time-series data into images and applies image classification to identify recurring patterns.

Method and System for Data-Driven Financial Planning

Uses historical data and Monte Carlo tree search to compute the probability that a user's financial goals are achievable and propose an optimal action sequence to achieve them.

Method for Detecting, Segmenting and Extracting Salient Regions in Documents Using Attention Tracking Sensors

Uses eye-tracking to identify and demarcate what human readers attend to in financial and regulatory documents, producing annotated versions that highlight key sections, tables, and clauses.

Method for Accounting for Impact of Uncertainty in Customer Surveys

Filters subjective response uncertainty in ordinal survey data by constructing a simulated model that matches the observed response distribution with controlled variability.

Method for Automatically Identifying Signals or Patterns in Time Series Data

Given a library of known signal patterns, converts both the library and incoming series into images and matches them to identify whether the current data contains any known pattern.

ICAIF-2025, Senior Program Committee
ICAIF-2023 and ICAIF-2024, Competitions and Datasets Track

Two consecutive years co-organizing the competitions track. The goal was benchmark environments that practitioners would recognize as realistic financial problems, not just clean academic datasets.

Will AI Make or Break the Next Generation Financial Systems?

A workshop on a question often left outside purely technical ML work in finance: how AI adoption affects financial stability, governance, and institutional decision-making.

Workshop on Graph Learning for Industrial Applications

Graph neural networks in industrial settings: finance, supply chains, knowledge bases.

Graph Learning and Knowledge Graphs in Finance

Graph methods applied to financial data: firm relationship networks, supply chains, knowledge graphs extracted from SEC filings.

Workshop on AI in Financial Services: Adaptiveness, Resilience and Governance

Model risk, regulatory compliance, fairness, governance: the parts of AI deployment in finance that technical papers rarely address.

Time-Series in Finance

Forecasting, anomaly detection, representation learning in finance.

A record of conferences and seminars I participate or speak at.

Upcoming
Seminar series
Past conferences
Prolific Inventor Lifetime Award, JPMorgan

Recognition for sustained invention activity at JPMorgan. Translating research into patent applications became a useful complementary discipline: it requires stating with unusual precision what is technically new and how it differs from prior approaches.

The Data Incubator Fellow

Selective fellowship for data scientists and researchers transitioning from academia to industry.

Gravity Wave Symposium Award, SPARC

Presented at the SPARC General Assembly for the wave-mean-flow work.

Young Scientist Award, SPARC-SHARP

Early-career award for the same cluster of work, from SPARC's Southern Hemisphere program.

Research Fellowship, IPAM-UCLA

Research fellowship at UCLA's Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics during a long program on geophysical fluid dynamics.

GSAS MacCracken Fellowship, New York University

NYU's main PhD fellowship, covering four years of doctoral study at Courant. It made the PhD possible.

ICCP Fellowship, International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation

Fellowship to attend the 15th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, Cancun, where I presented work from the master's thesis on aerosol effects on hurricane electrification.

Excellence Fellowship, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dean's List of Excellence, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ministry of Education Fellowship, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The unusual AI competition getting students internships at top HFT firms

Coverage of a student-run competition I organized at ICAIF on financial reinforcement learning. Several participants ended up with internship offers at Optiver, IMC Trading, and Capital One.

The new benefit for finance quants: working outside of finance

A piece on quant researchers at banks and hedge funds who hold academic appointments. I was one of the examples.

JPMorgan's AI research group is hiring. This is who they recruit

A profile of JPMorgan AI Research at the time I was running part of it: who we recruited and what the research culture was like. The hybrid model of doing publishable academic work inside a major bank was still unusual enough to be interesting to journalists.

JPMorgan now has 50 people working in its rarefied AI labs

Coverage of the group growing to ~50 people. The piece got the general picture right: it was a real research organization, not a PR operation.

Patterns in Monsoons: Climate Change or Human Error?

An interview about our research on Indian monsoon depression trends: whether the apparent decline was climate change or bad data. Published during my research stay at Yale.

Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics, Courant Institute, New York University

Doctoral work at NYU's Courant Institute, in the Center for Atmosphere Ocean Science, at the intersection of applied mathematics, geophysical fluid dynamics, and large-scale numerical simulation. Advisors: Edwin Gerber and Oliver Bühler.

The dissertation, What Drives the Brewer-Dobson Circulation? Wave-Mean-Flow Theories, Interactions Between Resolved and Unresolved Waves, and the Limits of Downward Control, established that large-scale Rossby waves and parameterized gravity waves are coupled in their joint driving of the stratosphere's global overturning circulation. The central result: changes in parameterized gravity wave drag induce a compensating response in the resolved Rossby wave field, a consequence of a fundamental stability constraint. This coupling makes the Brewer-Dobson circulation more robust to parameterization assumptions than the literature had recognized, and reframes how sensitivity experiments involving gravity wave schemes should be interpreted. Two papers in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences: Compensation (2013) and What Drives the BDC (2014).

M.Sc. in Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

A master's in Alexander Khain's group, focused on cloud microphysics and its interaction with atmospheric dynamics. The thesis used the Hebrew University Cloud Model (a spectral bin model with explicit droplet and ice particle size distributions) to simulate how aerosol loading affects hurricane electrification and lightning. High aerosol concentrations substantially alter where and how much lightning forms within a tropical cyclone. Published in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2008.

The work introduced me to high-performance numerical simulation of atmospheric systems, background that carried directly into the modeling work at Courant.

B.Sc. in Atmospheric Sciences and Chemistry, Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Undergraduate degree in atmospheric sciences and chemistry. The dual major gave me a foundation in both the dynamical and chemical aspects of the atmosphere: thermodynamics, radiation, and fluid dynamics on one side; physical and analytical chemistry on the other. A natural combination for the aerosol-microphysics research that followed in the master's.

Advice for Breaking into Quantitative Finance

Advice for students looking for roles in quantitative finance and related fields.

1. Get relevant work experience

Interviewers want to see what you’ve done with real data and real constraints, not just coursework. If you’re a student, getting an internship or research project on your resume matters more than an additional class. The work doesn’t have to be at a top firm; it just has to be substantive.

2. Apply more broadly than you think you need to

Send more applications than feels comfortable. The downside of a rejection is small; the expected value of an additional application is positive. Don’t disqualify yourself from roles before the employer has had the chance to.

3. Expect rejection

Most applications won’t lead anywhere. That’s the structure of the market, not a verdict on you. The candidates who get where they’re going are usually the ones who kept going after the 15th or 20th rejection.

4. Debrief after every interview

After each interview, good or bad, write down what you stumbled on. Most people repeat the same mistakes because they never diagnose them. Treat each attempt as a data point.

5. Keep your skills current

The technical bar in quantitative finance keeps moving. Dedicate time, regularly, to staying current. Showing up with a stale skillset is a harder problem to fix in the middle of a job search than before it.

6. Know your edge

Figure out what makes you a specific candidate rather than a generic one. The resume that reads like everyone else’s doesn’t give the interviewer a reason to remember you. Lead with what you actually do well.

7. Prepare technically

Technical interviews have predictable structure. Know your own resume cold: everything on it is fair game. Practice the fundamentals until they’re reflexive. Cognitive load under pressure is real, and preparation is the only mitigation.

8. Show genuine interest

Enthusiasm for the work matters, but it has to be real. Firms can tell the difference between someone who cares about the research problem and someone performing interest. If the role genuinely excites you, let that come through, and if it doesn’t, that’s also worth knowing before you take it.

9. Research the team, not just the firm

Know what the group actually does. For quant firms, that means reading their papers, talks, and public research. For banks, it means understanding the specific desk or team, not just the brand. Interviewers notice when you’ve done this, and when you haven’t.

10. Ask questions that reveal how you think

“What does success look like in the first six months?” and “What does the team find hardest?” are almost always good questions. Asking nothing, or asking questions you could have answered from the website, is a missed opportunity.

11. Stay sharp to the end

Don’t relax when you think an interview is going well. Overconfidence in the final questions is a common failure mode. Finish with the same attention you brought to the first question.

12. Treat everyone in the process with respect

The people who schedule your interviews, the recruiter, and the engineer you have lunch with all contribute to the hiring decision. Be the same person in every conversation.

naftalic[at]gmail.com  ·  nyc213[at]nyu.edu  ·  nyc2107[at]columbia.edu

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The views expressed on this page are my own and do not represent those of any institution, employer, or organization with which I am or have been affiliated.

Nothing on this page constitutes financial or investment advice.

Last updated September 24, 2026